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161Indonesian Should Promote Multiculturalism and Preserve Its Cultural Identity.INDONESIAN SHOULD PROMOTE MULTICULTURALISM AND PRESERVE ITS CULTURAL IDENTITY. UNIT IX161Indonesian Should Promote Multiculturalism and Preserve Its Cultural Identity.http://www.satria.anandita.googlepages.com
162Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XIAre you sometimes asked to express your stance by giving reasons or arguments about an issue? In doing so, you need to define your position toward the issue so that others know your position. You like reading and writing, don’t you? The texts that you read may include hortatory expositions in which the writer provides arguments to support his/her stance. Can you read and write such texts effectively? Learn those and more in this unit through challenging tasks.
163Indonesian Should Promote Multiculturalism and Preserve Its Cultural Identity.A. Let’s Get Ready Study the following cultural heritage. Then, answer the questions based on your knowledge. Compare your answers with your classmates’. First, study the words in the box.Picture 1. http://www.kangguru.orgPicture 2. http://www.indonesiamedia.comPicture 3. http://satria.anandita.googlepages.comculture (kb) : budaya heritage (kb) : warisan dance (kb) : tarian shadow puppet (kb) : wayang kulit origin (kb) : asal daerah preserve (kkt) : melestarikan art work (kb) : karya seni building kb) : bangunan mask (kb) : topeng tribe (kb) : suku bangsa Questions 1. What is the origin of each of the cultural properties above? 2. What is the significance of those properties for the native people?3. How do you appreciate the diversity of culture represented by those properties? 4. What would you do to preserve those cultural heritages? Task 11231
164Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XIIn groups of three, based on your knowledge, discuss what you can learn from culture of the following countries and then answer the question by putting a tick.B. Let’s Act 1. Listen and SpeakListen to the dialogue between Andi and Ayu on the preservation of Indonesian culture and then answer the following questions. The listening script is in the Appendix.The Great Britain:The Britishhave a strong determination toward progress. The British appreciate time as an invaluable thing. The British respect equality among different races or religions.Australia: Australians take punctuality seriously.Australians respect people with strong opinions, even if they don’t agree.Australiansvalue modesty and equality.Task 2Pictures:1. http://www.izsvenezie.it2. http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com12Questions 1. What are they talking about?2. What is Ayu’s opinion on the festival?3. What happens to people nowadays? 4. What is Andi’s stance about cultural identity?Task 3http://www.indonesiamedia.com
165Indonesian Should Promote Multiculturalism and Preserve Its Cultural Identity.Listen to the dialogue in Task 3 once more and then complete the following points.1. The cultural preservation is used to.......................................................................................2. Cultural identity is....................................................................................................................3. People should remember.........................................................................................................Study the following expressions.Expressing StanceIn the dialogue between Andi and Ayu in Task 3, you find an expression on how to express stance. Andi says I think we should remember who we are... to express his stance. The expression I think..... is used both in formal and in informal situations.There are some other expressions you can use to express stance, for examples:In formal situationsIn informal situationsPersonally, I believe ....My view of.... is......From my point of view, ....If you ask me, .......You know what I think? (I think) .......I guess ..................In pairs, listen to some dialogues and then write down some stances you find in the dialogues. The listening script is in the Appendix.NoStances1.2.3.Task 4Task 5Task 6Cultural TipsAustralians respect people with strong opinions, even if they don’t agree.
166Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XIListen to Mr Jero Wacik’s statement, from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. He argues that Indonesians should preserve their identity and culture. Then, complete the following text. The listening script is in the appendix. We should preserve our Indonesian identity and culture. It is a shameful phenomenon when we deny our cultural root and abandon our identity to run after the blind imitation of Western cultures. That’s why we must ... our cultural identity for some reasons. First, the concept of our identity and nationalism can never be ignored. Our ... is the inspiration for our present and ... are the foundations of our desired civilization. Second, western cultures may be morally destructive propagandists. They replace ... and moral principles with the absurdity of Western culture, which conflicts with our traditional and religious values. Finally, the method of our ... to the west must be in science, knowledge, seriousness and the determination to rush toward progress. Thus, a clear understanding of modernity is important in order to preserve our identity and culture.Indonesian young generations are in charge to preserve the Indonesian culture and identity for future. Source: http://www.yementimes.comWork in pairs and then listen again to the speech in Task 7. Based on the minister’s speech, convince the class why Indonesian should preserve identity and culture. The following guideline may help you. Task 7Task 8Indonesian must preserve their identity and culture. It is because ....1. The first is....2. The second is....3. The last is ....4. Therefore....Task 9Study the following dialogue between Virga and Denias. After that, answer the questions and then act it out with your classmate.Virga : Hi, Denias. You look so happy.Denias : Hi, Virga. Yes, I’m very happy. I’m going to go to the museum in the city. Virga : Really? That’s great. Is there anything special there?
167Indonesian Should Promote Multiculturalism and Preserve Its Cultural Identity.Denias : Yes, finally we can see a very wonderful statue which is returned home to Indonesia after a hundred years displayed in the Netherlands. The Dutch Government finally returned it. Virga : That’s wonderful. By the way, is the statue important for us? Denias : I believe it is very important because it represents the evidence of the traditions and identity of our nation. Virga : That’s great. Tell me more.Denias : The cultural treasure like the statue is also important to reveal the history of our ancestors. It can be easily understood only in its context. It is here, in Indonesia. Virga : What is the benefit of such treasures for young generation like us?Denias : I think that young generation must understand and then appreciate and learn about the significance of these artefacts. Therefore, the national culture and identity can be preserved within a long period of time. Virga : What would you suggest, then?Denias : The government should preserve the cultural treasures by demanding the return of the treasures to our country. Virga : Let’s go to the museum. Decide whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE according to the dialogue above. Correct the false ones.StatementsTFCorrection1. Cultural treasures represent the evidence of the future of a nation.2. The cultural treasure is meaningless in understanding the history of the ancestors.3. The cultural treasure can be easily found everywhere.4. Young generation should not understand and appreciate cultural treasures. It not relevant to today’s needs. 5. The government should not demand for the return of the treasures to Indonesia because it is not profitable.In pairs, study the dialogue in Task 8 once again and then write down the important points about cultural treasures. The importance of cultural treasuresTask 10Task 11
168Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XIThe importance of cultural treasures for history of a nationThe importance of cultural treasures for young generationThe recommendation for the government Let’s say it right.The sounds of thIn the dialogue in Task 8, you find some words below:then : that : think : the : before a vowel Based on the sample of words above you learn that th has two different pronunciations: and Listen and repeat after your teacher. Then, put the words on the correct columns.Words:1. them2. these3. this4. with5. their6. birth7. method8. pathTask 12Task 13
169Indonesian Should Promote Multiculturalism and Preserve Its Cultural Identity.In pairs, complete the following dialogue and then act it out with your partner. Woman : Do you think that it is important to teach our children history of our ancestor?Man : Yes, our children must understand who they are. Then, I think ... (not forget the identity) ....Woman : What else should our children learn?Man : They must learn to live with different people of different races or religions. It is very important. I believe, ... (learn multiculturalism) ....Woman : How do we protect our children from the negative influences of other cultures?Man : Internet is a medium of cultural exchange. From my point of view, ... (censor internet)....In pairs, create short dialogues to express stance based on the following situations. Then, act them out with your classmates.Situations 1. Your school is going to hold a seminar on multiculturalism. The purpose of the seminar is to raise student’s awareness toward the cultural diversity. 2. Your school plans to have a study tour to a museum. The school is trying to teach history to the students through visiting the museum. 2. Read and WriteRead the text below and then guess the meanings of the following words based on the context. Read again the text and then answer the questions.Task 14Task 15Task 16diverse (kb) : ...citizenry (kb) : ...vulnerable (ks) : ...heritage (kb) : ... forbidden (ks) : ...plurality(ks): ...preserve(kkt): ...cohesion (kb) : ...
170Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XIIndonesian People Should Value All the Different Cultures to Promote Unity of the Nation.Indonesia is a culturally-diverse country. Many different religions and cultures from many provinces are now seen living side by side in many places. One of the biggest questions facing Indonesian today is how to deal with a culturally diverse citizenry and then promote unity. Therefore, Indonesians should appreciate differences among culture for the following reasons. Firstly, Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its archipelago and culture diversity. Raising tolerance among people is the best way to maintain the unity among differences. Many ways or cultures of living are equally legal, even if they are not regarded as normal by some people. If a society claims to be tolerant of personal choice, then it must respect the personal choice to retain their heritage. Then, unity of the nation can be preserved. Secondly, Indonesians must recognise that every culture has different customs and beliefs. Thus, people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative value, for it is measuring something unmeasured. A plurality of nations, especially in the modern era, can allow for cultural development and cultural exchange that benefits both parties. The cross-cultural understanding among cultures makes the world a better place and preserves the unity of the nation.Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense of fellow-feeling between group members. This promotes cooperation and social cohesion within the group. The sense of social cooperation makes welfare, social security and medical programs much more likely and stronger. Cultural differences are sometime a sensitive matter for people. Indonesian people must teach younger generation about the importance of the cultural identity and nationalism to promote unity of the nation. Source: http://www.idebate.orgQuestions 1.What issue does the author argue?2. Why should Indonesian people raise the tolerance among them?3. Why is it forbidden to make a judgement of comparative value of other cultures?4. What is the benefit of a plurality of a nation?5. What recommendation does the author propose?Based on the text in Task 16, decide whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Correct the false statements.Statements TFCorrections 1. Indonesia is a culturally-homogeneous country. Therefore, Indonesian should not appreciate differences among culture. 2. Although Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its culture diversity, raising tolerance among people is unnecessary. Task 17
171Indonesian Should Promote Multiculturalism and Preserve Its Cultural Identity.2. People are allowed to make judgments of comparative value of other cultures, since people have rights to do so.3. Raising nationalism is not only to preserve unity of the nation, but also to occupy other nations. 4. Indonesian people must teach younger generation about the importance of the modernisation and refuse cultural identity.In pairs, study the following note.The purpose of the text in Task 16 is to argue a case for or against a particular position or point of view and it proposes a suggestion in the end of the argumentation. Read again the text in Task 16 and you will find that the text has the following elements:1. The general statement of topic discussed.2. Arguments which are arranged according to the writer’s choice. Usually it is based on the criteria of weak and strong arguments. 3. Suggestion/recommendation which contains what should or should not happen. Common grammatical patterns in exposition includes:1.abstract nouns, e.g. culture, etc.2. Action vers, e.g. value, etc.3. Connectives, e.g. first, second, etc.4. etc. In pairs, study the following rule.ConnectivesIn the text in Task 16, you find some connectives such as firstly, secondly, finally and therefore.The words firstly, secondly, finally and therefore connect ideas or paragraphs in the text and they indicate that the ideas or paragraphs are still related. The following examples are taken from the text.a. Therefore, Indonesian should appreciate differences among culture for the following reasons. b. Firstly, Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its archipelago and culture diversity. c. Secondly, Indonesian must recognise that every culture has different customs and beliefs. d. Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to preserve unity of the nation. Task 18Task 19
172Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XIStudy the following poster and then answer the questions. Task 20Questions 1. What does the poster tell us about?2. Who publishes the poster?3. What is the poster intended to?4. How do you appreciate the National motto of Indonesia?5. What would you do to participate in the preservation of the unity of Indonesia? Read the text below and then guess the meanings of the following words based on context. Read again the text and then answer the questions. Don’t forget to complete the text with appropriate connectives. Task 21treasure (kb) : ...origin (kb) : ...maintenance (kb) : ...heritage (kb) : ...spirituality (kb) : ... loot (kb) : ...sculpture (kb) : ...bribe (kkt) : ...artefact (kb) : ...Cultural Treasures Should Be Returned to Their Country of Origin.Cultural treasures are important in the creation and maintenance of national identities. It represents the evidence of humans’ origins and development, traditions and identity, artistic and scientific achievements. The treasures must be returned home to their place of origin based on the following reasons.
173Indonesian Should Promote Multiculturalism and Preserve Its Cultural Identity...., cultural treasures should be displayed in the context in which they originated; only then can they be truly understood. Display of cultural treasures outside the country origin also turns modern citizens of those ancient regions unable to appreciate or look after their great artistic heritage. ... , cultural treasures are crucial to the sense of certain people spirituality. They are spiritually anchored to most of these treasures. Some cultural treasures have religious and cultural associations for the area from which they were taken. To the descendants of their creators it is offensive to see aspects of their spirituality displayed for entertainment...., treasures from some cultural cite were often acquired illegally, for example through looting in war, under the force of imperial force, or by bribing officials to ignore the carrying away of sculptures from monuments they were meant to be guarding. Moreover, the fact that these cultural treasures were stolen means they need to be returned to their rightful owners. ..., cultural treasures are a very important part of culture and identity of a particular nation. Generations will grow up to appreciate and learn about the significance of these artefacts. The past is very important. That is why people study history as a subject. There is no doubt on the importance of these cultural treasures to its people. Therefore, the government should preserve the cultural treasures and demand the return of the treasures to the place of origin. Sources: http:// www.idebate.orghttp://pcwww.liv.ac.ukhttp://cpprot.te.verweg.comQuestions1. What issue does the author argue?2. What is the importance of cultural treasures for the origin country?3. Why should cultural treasures be displayed in the context?4. What is the relationship between cultural treasures and the spirituality of a nation?5. What is the important of cultural treasures for young generation? 6. What recommendation does the author propose? Find two texts that argue an issue on culture in the magazine or from the internet and answer the questions below. Questions 1. What is the issue presented in the text? 2. What is the author standpoint? 3. What arguments does the author provide to support his standpoint?4. What is his/her recommendation?In groups of four, create a poster related to preservation of cultural treasures from illegal exploration. You may refer to the text in Task 20 to write the message of the poster.Task 22Task 23
174Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XIC. Let’s Do More In pairs, create short dialogues based on the following situations and then act them out with your partner.Situations 1. One of your friends finds an old unique statue from a cultural site. You encourage him/her to return the statue to the related officials. You express your stance.2. Your teacher has designed a debate on Nationalism. You tell your group that you get a lot of information from the internet. You share the information you get with your friends and you express your stance on the issue.In pairs, search arguments on the ban of selling cultural artefacts in black market on the internet, newspaper, and any other sources and write your own text. Follow the design below to make the writing more organized.(The importance of cultural artifact historically)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(The importance of cultural artifact economically) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(General idea of cultural artifacts)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(Suggestion to ban the sale of cultural artifacts) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task 24Task 25(Title)
175Indonesian Should Promote Multiculturalism and Preserve Its Cultural Identity.Find two texts which hightlight some issues with arguments and a recomendationm from newspapers, magazines, or internet. Write your summary by answering the following questions.Questions1. What issue does the author hightlight?2. What arguments does the author propose?3. What recommendation does the author propose?D. Let’s Check Your Competence In pairs, choose one of the following situations and then create a short dialogue on it. Act it out with your classmate.Situations 1. The government has announced several cultural cites which are restricted for illegal exploration. You express your stance on it.2. The government plans to block some websites to censor harmful contents that may disrupt cultural identity. The government also sets up a regulation for those who make violation. You express your stance on it.3. Your school plans to have a study tour to Sangiran archaeological cite. The purpose of the tour is to raise students’ awareness on their cultural origin and identity. Read the following text and then answer the questions.Should governments censor materials on the World Wide Web?The internet is the fastest growing and largest tool for mass communication and information distribution in the world. There has been increasing concern about damaging internet content from violence and sexual content, which can gives negative influence on the culture identity. The government should censor materials on the internet based on the following reasons. Firstly, child pornography in the media is never tolerated. They are apparent victims of harmful and offensive content in the internet. The internet should be no exception to these basic standards. Truly offensive material such as pornography and extreme racial hatred are no different, simply because they are published on the World Wide Web as opposed to a book or video. Task 26Task 27Task 28
176Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XISecondly, people recognise that moving pictures and sound are more graphic and powerful then text and photographs or illustrations to influence people’s minds. There is also normally more regulation of videos from the internet then cinema films. It is because the viewer of a video is a captive audience with the power to rewind, view again and distribute more widely. Lastly, censoring harmful materials in the internet is an international problem. If a global solution is required then it can be achieved by international co-operation. Children are particularly vulnerable to the offensive and harmful content in the internet. The government should soon regulate a rule to protect the nations from negative influence from the internet. www.idebate.orgQuestions 1. What issue does the author argue?2. Is the internet harmful for children? Why?3. Does moving picture from internet give more harmful influence than text to people? Why? 4. What should government do to protect people?Cultural TipsAmericans appreciate and are impressed by numbers. Using statistics to support your opinions will help you be persuasive.Write your own hortatory texts on the following topics.1. The importance of Pancasila2. The Importance of DemocracyTask 29E. Let’s Make a Reflection Reflect on your learning in this unit and write down your reflection in the space below.What I like best in this unit:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
177Indonesian Should Promote Multiculturalism and Preserve Its Cultural Identity.What I don’t like in this unit:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The improvement I have made after learning English in this unit:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________F. Let’s Make a SummaryIn this unit you learn:1. How to express stanceExpressing stanceIn formal situationsIn informal situationsPersonally, I believe ....My view of.... is......From my point of view, ....If you ask me, .......You know what I think? (I think) .......I guess ..................2. The sound of –th-There are two sounds : and 3. ConnectivesConnectives are used to connect ideas or paragraphs in the text. They indicate that the ideas or paragraphs are still related, for examples: firs, second, third, etc.
178Interlanguage: English for Senior High School Students XI4. Hortatory ExpositionHortatory Exposition text is use to argue a case for or against a particular position or point of view and it proposes a suggestion in the end of the argumentation. This such a text has the following elements:1. The general statement of topic discussed.2. Arguments which are arranged according to the writer’s choice. Usually it is based on the criteria of weak and strong arguments. 3. Suggestion/recommendation which contains what should or should not happen. Common grammatical patterns in exposition includes:1.abstract nouns, e.g. culture, etc.2. Action vers, e.g. value, etc.3. Connectives, e.g. first, second, etc.4. etc.